Home Database Maps Guidelines Engaging Ebot IV ETHNOBOTANY PROJECT "Eat Your Weeds" -Bailey McKernan

"Jamming Out" Foraging and Jam-Making in Isla Vista Home About Projects Video by Logan Snyder Songs: "What You Sippin' On" by Penthouse Penthouse , "Now" by Tom Misch Recipe: Natal Plum Jam Ingredients: Ripe natal plums: you should be able to squeeze them and they squish a little bit. The more they squish the better, unless they look old and brown/moldy ​ Sugar: equal weight to the plums ​ 1/2 cup water ​ Lemons or oranges: 1 of each or two total of whichever you have Directions: De-seed and mash natal plums. Add equal weight in sugar. Pour into sauce pan. Add splash of water. Squeeze juice from lemons/oranges into mixture. Mix ingredients. Bring to a hard boil for about 10 minutes, and then put into heat-proof container and let cool in fridge. After about a day, jam should be set and ready to spread. Recipe for Any Jam Ingredients: Mashed fruit: specific fruits will set "stronger" and thicker due to them having more pectin in their skin ​ Sugar: equal weight to fruit (You can substitute honey, agave nectar, brown sugar, etc. but their flavors may overpower the fruit flavor. A good idea would be half white sugar and half other sweetener). ​ 1/2 cup water: so the sugar doesn't burn ​ Citrus: lemon, lime, orange, grapefruit, etc. Directions: Mash fruit and add equal weight in sugar. Add citrus and water. Bring to a hard boil for about 10 minutes, or until the jam looks thicker than when you started. Pour into heat-proof container and cool in refrigerator for a day or so. Jam! The Science Behind Jam: "The pectin content of different fruits varies: fruits such as apples and blackcurrants have higher levels of pectin than those such as strawberries and raspberries. In cases where a jam is being made from a low pectin fruit, either a higher pectin fruit must also be included, or commercial pectin must be added. Commercial pectin is obtained from the peel of citrus fruits, which have a naturally high pectin content" (Compound Interest). Learn More Foraging Considerations: If you choose to forage for the fruits when making your Jam, make sure to consider the ethical implications of taking fruit from nature. To learn more about these ethical considerations, check out these projects: Ethics of Enjoying IV Ancient Herbs for Modern Students For more safety tips and advice on foraging, visit: "A Beginner's Guide to Foraging" View Guide Try Another Recipe

Image by Glenn Beltz Home About Projects Henley Gate (Heliyik) Currently the site of UCSB's Henley Gate, to the Chumash this site was known as Heliyik and it was one of the major settlements of the area. The name Heliyik means ‘the middle’ which likely comes from its position relative to the other large Chumash sites of the area. The Goleta Valley as a whole was a densely populated area with many towns and Heliyik was one such town located on the terrace by the east entrance of campus. Today, the scenic place where most fourth years take their graduation photos sits directly on top of this former settlement which very few people know about. 1940 During WWII the site where UCSB would be built served as military base and the area near Henley Gate was the site of the barracks. 1788 Approximately, referred to by Fr. Fermín Francisco de Lasuén as ‘Las Llagas’ but this name, like the others he assigned to the Goleta towns, would not last very long. 2000 Before the Henley Gate was built, the East Entrance held the UCSB campus kiosk which is now at the loop by Campbell Hall. 2008 July, the Henley Gate was fully constructed and unveiled. The entire project cost some $5 million with half being used on the Steck roundabout and half on the gate itself. 2007 The East Gate project awarded Project of the Year Award from our local branch of the American Society of Civil Engineers (Steck Roundabout completed). Prior to European contact this site was used as a site of council meetings, festivals, and feasts. WWII Marine Air Station. Image from IV Local Wiki . Modern UCSB Henley Gate. Image from Wikimedia Commons . Back to the Map Sources: Johnson, John R. “The Rancherias of Mescaltitan: Chumash History and Sociopolitical Organization in the Goleta Valley.” GOLETA SLOUGH PREHISTORY: Insights Gained from a Vanishing Archaeological Record, vol. 4, SANTA BARBARA MUS OF NAT, 2020, pp. 17–51. Contributions in Anthropology. (https://mail.google.com/mail/u/1/#inbox?projector=1 )

Mugwort Traditional Chumash Medicine "Dream Sage" Image by Anton Darius Home About Projects Chumash Elder Art Cisneros demonstrates a quick and easy dialogue with the plant spirit you wish to bring home with you. Video by Olivia Robért at El Capitan Creek, February 2020 While we were walking to the beach Art told me of a dear friend of his, a Chumash medicine woman named Cecelia Garcia who wrote a book with James David Adams, Jr. an Associate Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Southern California. The book was called Healing with Medicinal Plants of the West: Cultural and Scientific Basis for Their Use . In it Cecelia calls mugwort “dream sage”, because it is a powerful spiritual tool for dreamtime, just like sage is a sacred cleansing tool in the waking life. Mugwort has been used for thousands of years all over the world. It is a medicine that has been used for digestion, pain killer, insect repellent, and many others. It is a part of the genus Artemisia, named after Artemis, the Greek goddess of the hunt, wild women, and the moon. There are around 500 species of Artemisia distributed across Asia, Europe, and North America that have a rich history of use as a cultivated sacred plant. The name Mugwort is attributed to its historical use in flavoring drinks, specifically in beer. Mugwort has been used by women historically to stimulate menstruation and to aid unwanted pregnancies, because it acts on the uterus. 12th century texts extensively describe Mugwort as a menstrual tonic, and one 14th century text discusses Mugwort’s use in expelling dead fetal tissue after a miscarriage (Van de Walle 1997). The focus of my research on mugwort is its use for vivid dreams, astral travel, and divination. The reason behind its association with dreams is the psychedelic components present in the plant. “Like its abortive properties, Mugwort’s widespread use as a psychoactive substance is due to a variety of terpene compounds like α- and β- thujones (which also stimulate the heart and the central nervous system) (Alberto-Puleo 1978). Three additional terpene compounds are also found in A. vulgaris leaves, and work synergistically with α- and β- thujones to account for Mugwort’s hypnotic and psychedelic effects.” "Wild Mugwort at El Capitan State Beach" by Olivia Robért Referred to in Russian as “zabytko” which means forgetful, Mugwort’s strong camphor like oils, when inhaled, open up chambers of ancient memory within the brain, bringing one’s dream life stirring visions of past and future that overflow with magical imagery. The symbols which dance through our Mugwort-touched dreams pull out the cobwebs of our forgetfulness and assist us in remembering old, unwritten ways of healing and living that attend to the needs of the spirit and soul”. ​ – Judith Berger, Herbal Rituals This amazing little “weed” can be found growing in watery areas, and likes plenty of sun. If you are a UCSB student, look toward the IV Ethnobotany website to find where it grows around campus and Isla Vista. Visit IV Ethnobotany Drawing Meditation: In a phone interview with Betty Seaman, who trained with Eliot Cowan, author of Plant Spirit Medicine , said one of the best ways to get to know a plant is by spending time sketching it. The process of intent focus on its shape and characteristics will help when trying to dream with it, as well as noting where and how it grows. Ted Talk by Ralph Ammer : "How Drawing Helps You Think" "Mugwort Drawing Meditation" by Olivia Robért Dreamtime and Health: Dream health is considered one of the most important aspects of Chumash culture, but it is something Western society brushes off. The Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Jung looks at elements of the unconscious as they appear in dreams. The scientific world had begun to remember the knowledge which their ancestors once knew. Mugwort is one of the herbs that can illuminate dreams and bring clarity. Well, this interesting 2012 study goes in depth on the preparation of mugwort to treat anxiety and ADHD in traditional Chumash communities. The recipe for dreams is as follows: “To induce dreams, place the stems and leaves, under a pillow and sleep on the pillow. The fragrance helps with dreaming. When the plant dries, strip the leaves and stuff them into a small pillow. Place this under the regular pillow and continue sleeping on both pillows. This is a traditional use of A. douglasiana especially in very ill or aged people who cannot dream. Dreaming is considered an essential part of life and healing.” The conclusion to this paper, written by James D. Adams at the University of Southern California, says this: “The sedative, antianxiety and dreaming effects of mugwort should be tested in clinical trials. Medicine frequently neglects dreaming as an essential part of healing.” When it comes time to harvest, make sure you are creating a good relationship with the herb. Here is my dear friend Art to show you a way to ask for permission before harvesting. Offering tobacco is traditional, but if you do not have access to it, a coin, strand of hair, water from your head, cornmeal, or even chocolate (if there are no dogs in the area) can make a good gift. The point is to stay in reciprocity with the earth and give something of value in return. “All things enjoy ecstatic union with nature. Life without ecstasy is not true life and not worth living. Without ecstasy the soul becomes shriveled and perverted, the mind becomes corrupt and the body suffers pain. Ecstatic union with nature is necessary for normal health. It is normal for survival.” ​ - Eliot Cowan, Plant Spirit Medicine. Page 29. Learn About Herbs and Immunity Sources: Art Cisneros, Chumash Elder. Cecilia Garcia and James David Adams, Jr. Healing with Medicinal Plants of the West : Cultural and Scientific Basis for their Use . Abedus Press, 2009. Print. https://www.herbrally.com/monographs/mugwort https://sites.evergreen.edu/plantchemeco/mugwort h ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/271292549_Mugwort_Artemisia_vulgaris_Artemisia_douglasiana_Artemisia_argyi_in_the_Treatment_of_Menopause_Premenstrual_Syndrome_Dysmenorrhea_and_Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder Eliot Cowan. Plant Spirit Medicine . Sounds True, 2014. Print. Judith Berger. Herbal Rituals: Recipes for Everyday Living . St. Martin's Griffin, 1999. Print.

Make Your Own: Watercolor Paints with Plants Foraging with: Laura Tucker and Natalie Plumb Beachcombing Enthusiasts NP Home About Projects Living on the Santa Barbara coast, we are surrounded by an expansive variety of plant and animal species. In just the time it takes you to ride your bike from Coal Oil Point to Davidson Library, you can see hundreds of species of flowers, fruits, and other vegetation, many of which can be turned into natural paint. Whether you are an experienced artist or have never picked up a paint brush in your life, making your own paints from the plants in our local environment is a perfect way to spend the day. For this project, I teamed up with local beachcombing enthusiast and UCSB student, Laura Tucker. While Laura has taken several environmental and ethnobotany courses and is somewhat familiar with identifying plant species, she has little artistic experience. On the other hand, I have been painting practically my entire life, but I have no foraging experience or skills in identifying particular plant species. We made the perfect team! Inspired by local Chumash paint making traditions, we began our own paint making journey beachcombing the bluffs above Devereux beach. Early Paint Making: “Though we often think of early native groups as ‘one with nature’, not changing or impacting but simply living off the land, in reality, the Chumash actively engaged with and altered their environment, creating a living artifact which continues to be shaped today ” (IV Ethnobotany). ​ Making paint from natural materials is not a new phenomenon. Archaeologists have dated the earliest cave paintings to the Paleolithic age, stretching back as early as 23,000 BCE, with the creation of Pech-Merle and Lascaux, two of the most famous Paleolithic cave painting sites in France. These early painters ground up red and yellow clay, often referred to as ocher, into powder that was mixed with water. They made their paint brushes from reeds and twigs taken from their environment (Kleiner p. 17). ​ While the Chumash were certainly not the first people to make paints from natural materials, oral traditions and archaeological studies provide insight into the paint making techniques of the communities that initially inhabited the land that is now Isla Vista and the UCSB campus. The Chumash made black paint from grounding up charcoal and used iron oxide to make red, purple, yellow, and orange. They mixed these paint powders in stone cups with water, milkweed, cucumber seeds, animal oil, or the whites of birds’ eggs to create different consistencies. They made their paint brushes from yucca and animal tails (The Chumash People p. 69). The tradition of Chumash rock painting has been preserved in caves throughout the Santa Barbara and Santa Ynez areas. You can view one such cave and appreciate the beauty of early Chumash paint making for yourself by visiting the “Chumash Painted Cave” in the Santa Barbara mountains, or by taking a virtual tour on the CYARK website. Visit "Chumash Painted Cave" First Peoples Image of Chumash Painted Cave, Santa Barbara Photograph by Kristina D.C. Hoeppner Our Isla Vista Paint Making Journey: For our own paint making project, we decided to take inspiration from Chumash foraging and beachcombing practices, combining them with recipes from my favorite arts and crafts online blogs. In the true beachcombing spirit, we began our paint making journey on the bluffs overlooking Devereux beach, then continued on bike around the slough and North Campus Open Space, across campus, and concluded at Campus Point. Since we had never made paints before, our foraging experience was an exciting experiment. We had no idea what to expect, which plants would make the best paints, or even if the flowers we found would produce usable pigment. With only a basket to hold the products of our foraging strapped to Laura's bike, we set out in search of vibrant flowers and juicy fruits that we could use to make water color paints. As we stopped to collect flowers, we took photos of each plant so that we could identify them later using the IV Ethnobotany website and the PlantNet mobile app. Along the way, we discovered parts of Isla Vista and campus we had never seen and encountered a wide range of wildlife, including a Great Egret. We returned home not only with a basket full of brilliantly colored flowers and fruits, but also knowledge of brand new places we could enjoy in our very own backyard, namely the slough and North Campus Open Space. Whether you are an avid runner, bird watcher, or in search of a gorgeous nature walk, the North Campus Open Space offers something for you. Visit the North Campus Open Space Laura Tucker biking/foraging along Devereux bluffs Video by Natalie Plumb The Fruits of Our Foraging: Despite being the end of February, Laura and I found ourselves enjoying a warm and sunny day while foraging. Hopping off her bike to gather lavender, Laura, overlooking the breathtaking Goleta slough, perfectly summed up our foraging adventure: "I can not imagine a better way to spend today." To the right, you can view images taken of the various flowers and fruits we collected. While Laura was able to identify some species on the spot, we had to rely on the IV Ethnobotany website and PlantNet to identify the majority of the species. To find out where you can locate for yourself some of the plants featured in our project, visit the IV Ethnobotany website. Visit IV Ethnobotany Here are a few of the plants we were able to identify and where we found them: Devereux bluffs: California bush sunflower, sage, ice plant, mustard Goleta slough: lavender, Indian cres North Campus Open Space: firethorn Sueno Park/Orchard: strawberry guava UCSB campus: natal plum ​ Before foraging on your own, make sure to consult the IV Ethnobotany "Foraging Guidelines" to ensure that you are staying safe, following the law, and being mindful of the ethical implications of foraging. California Bush Sunflower Encelia californica; Bush sunflower; California brittlebush Location: Devereux bluffs Paint: vibrant yellow water color Sage Salvia officinalis Location: Devereux bluffs Fruits of Our Foraging The result of an afternoon of foraging; This is a top view of the basket strapped to Laura's bike. California Bush Sunflower Encelia californica; Bush sunflower; California brittlebush Location: Devereux bluffs Paint: vibrant yellow water color 1/19 Slideshow of the plants we collected while foraging All images by Natalie Plumb Foraging Guidelines Beachcombing the Devereux bluffs Video by Natalie Plumb How to Turn Plants into Paints: Following the Chumash tradition of grounding up plant matter, then mixing it with water, we began experimenting with the different plants we foraged. The foraging part is without a doubt the most time consuming and difficult part of the paint making process, but it is also the most fun and rewarding. After you have gathered the plants you want to make into paint, the process is straightforward and requires very few materials. All you need is: containers (to sort the flowers by species or color) blender (for grinding up petals and berries) strainer (use for berries and fruits) hot water (for mixing and drawing out the dye) glass containers/jars (to pour the paint into) paint brush paper ​ Each plant presented its own challenges when it came to blending. For the fruits and berries, we found that we had to run the initial water-berry blend through a strainer in order to get a less grainy consistency. Overall, our favorite paints came from the California bush sunflower (yellow), an unidentified blue flower (blue), and the natal plum (deep pink/red). Plants sorted into containers by color and species Image by Natalie Plumb Step by Step: Gather all desired plants and fruits from your local environment. (See guidelines above). Sort plants into containers by color or species. For this step, we combined the California bush sunflowers with mustard flowers to make the yellow paint. However, we kept all berries and fruit separate because we were not sure what color pigment each berry would produce. Remove all petals from each flower and stems and leaves from fruits. Place the stem and leaf material in a pile to be used for compost later. ​ For each container/plant: Heat 1/2 cup of water in the microwave for 45 seconds (nearly, but not boiling ). Then pour hot water into the blender. Add the flower petals or berries to the blender. Blend until smooth. For berries/fruits, pour the blended mixture through a strainer into a small bowl to remove all extra grainy material . Pour blended mixture into glass container. Let sit for a few minutes, then you are ready to paint! ​ S tore leftover paint in covered containers in the fridge. Tutorial by Natalie Plumb A Message from Laura: "Just do it! You have no idea what it's going to turn out to be, but even if you're not an artist, like me, it's going to be worth your time just to have the experience of doing it and being able to connect with nature on a little bit of a deeper level." Interview with Laura Tucker about her paint making experience Video and interview by Natalie Plumb Try Another Project Sources: Kleiner, S. Fred. "Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Concise Western History." Cengage Learning, 2015. Print. "The Chumash People: Materials for Teachers and Students." A Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Docent Project, 1991. Print. "Chumash Ethnobotany: The Chumash, Isla Vista's First Foragers" (IV Ethnobotany Project). https://premeditatedleftovers.com/naturally-frugal-mom/how-to-make-watercolor-paints-from-flower-petals/ Image of "Chumash Painted Cave" by Kristina D.C. Hoeppner, 2011. All other images and video by Natalie Plumb, 2020. Tutorial music: "Upbeat Party" by Scott Holmes. Inspiring & Upbeat Music . 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Home Database Maps Guidelines Engaging Ebot Cultivating Communities IV ETHNOBOTANY PROJECT Engaging Ethnobotany Table of Contents: DIY Learn how to use local plants in creative ways. The DIY section includes a cooking channel, a guide to learning how to weave, plant identification, ethnobotany classes, nature journaling, and scavenger hunts. Cultural Landscape Cultural landscapes are any natural or geographical landscape that is somehow imbued with human cultural meanings, including history, events, buildings, roads, middens, farms, etc. These places are intersections between nature and culture. More Resources Want to learn more about the plants growing around UCSB and Isla Vista? Check out these campus plant resources, cool organizations, and blogs. Here, you can also find additional sources for foraging and plant identification. IV Ebot Instagram Check out the UCSB IV Ethnobotany Project's Instagram account to learn about what edible plants are near UCSB! You can also direct message us plant pics and we will help you identify them. Do It Yourself (DIY) DIY Cooking Channel Delicious Recipes Made with Local Plants Let's Cook! Woven Wonders Learn How to Use Local Plants to Weave and Create Cordage Learn How Plant Identification Learn How to Identify Plants around UCSB and IV Learn How Ebot Classes Explore Past Ethnobotany Classes Learn More Nature Journaling Check Out Videos for How to Nature Journal Learn How Scavenger Hunts Check Out Our Plant & Nature Scavenger Hunts Learn How Cultural Landscape Cultural Landscape Chumash Ebot Check out this article about how Chumash use native plants Learn More Sueño Orchard Check out this article about Sueño Orchard in IV Learn More Food Insecurity Learn more about food insecurity across the world Learn More The Truth About "Weeds" Check this article about useful "weeds" around IV Learn More Eat Your Weeds Check out this zine made by Bailey McKernan about edible weeds. Learn More IV Ethnobotany Instagram Check out the UCSB IV Ethnobotany Project's Instagram account to learn about what edible plants are near UCSB! You can direct message us plant pics and we will help you identify them. Follow our account to keep up to date with all things IV Ethnobotany, including classes, events, projects, and more! View our Profile Instagram More Resources Campus Plant Resources: UCSB Plant Club : email whatsgrowingonucsb@gmail.com to join the mailing list and get involved CCBER's Campus Flora Project : check out what CCBER is doing on campus! CCBER's Exotic Flora Walking Tour : check out some non-native plants on campus! CCBER's Ethnobotanical Walking Tour : check out CCBER's ethnobotanically relevant plants! Cool Organizations: People and Plants : grassroots organizing and policy change Society of Ethnobiology Blogs: Eat the Weeds Beautiful Food Gardening: transforming an ordinary suburban lot into a beautiful edible landscape Foraging and Plant Identification Resources: *We cannot voice for the accuracy of these sites. Remember to check plant identifications against multiple sources and never eat something you are not 100% sure about. See our IV Ethnobotany Foraging Guidelines . Fallen Fruit : experience your city as a fruitful place Dina Fisher : Southern California foraging guide Cal Flora : information on wild California plants Santa Monica Mountains : wildflowers of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area iNaturalist : plants, animals, and fungi of the Santa Clara River Wild Edible: Learn how to forage safely and sustainably More Resources

Curriculum Vitae ​ Google Scholar Profile ​ Orcid ​ Curriculo Lattes (Brasil) ​ Contact: Office: HSSB 2073 Lab: HSSB 2075 ​ hoelle@ucsb.edu ​ Teaching 2023-2024: Winter '24: ANTH 2 & ANTH 205 ​ Rainforest Cowboys Publications UCSB Courses Jeffrey Hoelle I am an associate professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. I am also affiliate faculty in the Environmental Studies Program, Geography, and Latin American and Iberian Studies at UCSB. My research focuses broadly on understanding the role of cultural beliefs and practices in human-environment relations, and particularly in practices that result in negative environmental outcomes. I conduct research in the Amazon, primarily in the state of Acre, Brazil. In my first book, Rainforest Cowboys , I examined the logic of cattle raising among different groups in western Amazonia. My current work aims to expand the scope of explanations of environmental destruction through ethnographic research and collaborative projects. I am working on a second book based on practices and aesthetics of cultivation along the Amazonian frontier. This project draws on my research in settled or anthropogenic places that were once forested, from rural pastures, fields, and homesteads to landscaped lawns in the city and public parks. I am also working with colleagues in other disciplines to integrate social and cultural factors into theories and explanations of deforestation and land use-land cover change. I have also worked on collaborative research on gold mining, frontier governance, and indigenous land struggles. ​ At UCSB, I teach a Intro to Cultural Anthropology as well as specialized courses , such as "Environmental Anthropology" and "Amazonia." I also work closely with undergraduate students through the IV (Isla Vista) Ethnobotany Project . The Project aims to engage students with the local environment through mapping and documentation of useful and edible plants and the cultural landscape around the UCSB campus. We go on foraging walks and get together to share food and knowledge about plants. If interested in joining us, the easiest way is to follow our instragram . ​ I am currently the co-lead scholar of the Fulbright Amazonia program . The program brings together sixteen researchers from the US and Amazon nations to work together on policy-relevant research.

DIY: Sea Glass Mosaic frame Tutorial by: Natalie Plumb Anthropology Researcher Home About Projects Sea glass is one of the greatest treasures you can find while beachcombing. Each piece of glass is entirely unique in color, shape, and texture. It is produced by the combined efforts of humans and the ocean. Glass from broken bottles tossed into the ocean or left as litter on the beach is swallowed by the tide. The initial jagged edges of each piece of glass are gradually worn down and smoothed out by rubbing against ocean rocks and course sand. Beachcombing for sea glass is a perfect way to avoid taking materials such as shells that may otherwise be used by ocean and coastline-dwelling organisms. While beautiful, sea glass is human-made and does not belong in the ocean, making it the ideal material for beachcombing artists to craft one of a kind pieces, while also helping to clean up the ocean and coastline. Sea glass can be used to make numerous forms of art, including jewelry, decorative tiles, mutli-medium collages, and mosaics. With sea glass, you can easily turn a simple wooden picture frame into a thoughtful, low-cost present for your friend or loved one. All you need to do is start beachcombing! Where to Find Sea Glass: Over my three years at UCSB, I have found sea glass in virtually every section of the campus and Isla Vista coastline. However, the most reliable spot for finding the widest variety of sea glass shapes and colors is directly perpendicular to the graffiti structure just east of Coal Oil Point (Sands Beach). This local landmark is primarily referred to as the "Jailhouse" and provides the last traces of the Campbell Ranch beach house built in the 1920s (Gustafson). At low tide, the waves recede, exposing the underlying rocks and tide pools , where you can find some of the best sea glass our coastline has to offer. You will also encounter tide pool dwelling creatures such as hermit crabs and sea anemones . ​ To read more about the history of the Jailhouse and to find this local landmark on a map, visit the Isla Vista Local Wiki page. IV Local Wiki Photograph by Craig Moe Materials You Will Need: sea glass (of all shapes, sizes, and colors you found while beachcombing) wooden picture frame (you can make from driftwood or purchase from your local craft store) old paint brush (for applying the adhesive) multi-surface adhesive (you can purchase from your local craft store) strainer (for washing salt and dirt from the sea glass) white acrylic paint (you can purchase from your local craft store) towel (for drying sea glass) your favorite photograph (to complete the perfect gift) ​ Note: Make sure to apply the adhesive outside or in a well ventilated area. Photograph by Marco Mazza Step by Step: Gather all materials. (see above for complete list) Paint wooden frame with white acrylic paint. Make sure to fully cover the front and all four sides of the entire frame . Let the frame dry in the sun for 5-10 minutes. While the frame is drying, wash the sea glass in a strainer to remove all salt, dirt, and sand. Spread glass in one layer onto a towel. Let the sea glass dry in the sun for 10-15 minutes. Apply the adhesive to the front of the wooden frame using an old paint brush. Do NOT apply adhesive to the sides of the frame . Let sit for 2 minutes before applying the sea glass. Apply the adhesive to the back of the piece of sea glass. Press firmly onto the frame and hold in place for 5 seconds. Repeat for each piece of sea glass until you have covered the entire frame. Let the finished frame dry for 24 hours before placing the photograph in the frame. Enjoy! Tutorial by Natalie Plumb Try Another Project Sources: Britta Gustafson et al. "The Jailhouse." Isla Vista Local Wiki, 2013. January 2020. Image of Jailhouse by Craig Moe, 2013. Image of sea glass by Marco Mazza, 2020. Tutorial music: "Day Trips" by Ketsa. Raising Frequency . Free Music Archive.

Home Database Maps Guidelines Engaging Ebot IV ETHNOBOTANY PROJECT Cultural Landscape: The Truth About "Weeds" When most people in the U.S. think of weeds, they most likely think of dandelions and thistles, or that unfamiliar thing growing in your garden. Weeds are the plants seen to have no use, or growing where they are undesired. In many places around the world, however, the idea of a weed does not exist. In Maya languages, for example, there is no word which translates as “weed,” because the uses of all plants have historically been known. Similarly, around California, if we look beyond the idea of “weeds,” we can see that many plants growing around us have value. One person’s weed is another’s salad. Read on to learn about some of the “weeds” around Isla Vista. WARNING: Because weeds are considered undesired, they may be sprayed with toxic chemicals. Make sure you forage in non-sprayed areas and always wash what you pick! Chickweed Latin Name: Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Season: All year Parts to Eat: All How to Eat: Raw or cooked Nutrition: Vitamins A, D, B, C, rutin, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, sodium, copper, iron, silica Other Uses: Medicines ​ WARNING: Chickweed has a toxic Euphorbia lookalike which exudes a milky toxic latex. ​ Learn More: https://www.wildabundance.net/the-glories-of-chickweed/ https://www.wildedible.com/chickweed Common Sowthistle Latin Name: Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus Season: Winter-Summer Parts to Eat: All How to Eat: Raw; cook or boil to ease digestion Nutrition: Vitamins A, B, C, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc, antioxidants Other Names: Hare’s colwort, hare’s thistle, milk thistle Curly Dock Latin Name: Rumex Crispus Season: Curly dock can flower twice a year Parts to Eat: Leaves and seeds How to Eat: Raw, sauté, or boil Nutrition: Leaves are high in beta-carotene, vitamin C, and zinc. Seeds are rich in calcium and fiber. Cool Fact: Curly Dock is one of the most widely distributed seed in the world and can remain dormant in the soil for 80 years. Curly Dock was also an important food source during the Great Depression. ​ Learn More: http://eattheinvaders.org/blue-plate-special-curly-dock/ khkeeler.blogspot.com/2017/07/plant-story-curly-dock-uses-and-folklore.html Dandelion Latin Name: Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale Season: Spring-Autumn Parts to Eat: All (root, stem, leaves, flower) How to Eat: Raw, boiled, as tea, and in many other forms Nutrition: Vitamins A, C, K, E, B, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium. The roots also promote healthy intestinal bacteria and are a good source of antioxidants. Other Uses: Medicines Other names: Blowball, Cankerwort, Priest’s Crown, Lion’s Tooth, Shepherd’s Clock, Fairy Clock Cool Fact: Dandelion flowers open an hour after sunrise and closes at dusk, leading to the name “Shepherd’s Clock” or “Fairy Clock.” ​ Learn More: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/dandelion-benefits https://www.healthline.com/health/ways-dandelion-tea-could-be-good-for-y... https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-706/dandelion https://www.thepracticalherbalist.com/holistic-medicine-library/herb-myt... Fennel Latin Name: Apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare Season: All year Parts to Eat: All How to Eat: Raw or cooked Nutrition: fiber, potassium, folate, vitamin C and B Cool Fact: In medieval Europe, fennel seeds would be inserted into keyholes on Midsummer’s Eve to protect the home from ghosts. The fennel was hung over doorways to ward off malicious spirits. A thirteenth century physician noted, “he who sees fennel and gathers it not, is not a man but a devil.” ​ Learn More: https://www.seasonalfoodguide.org/fennel/california https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/284096.php https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/five-ways-to-eat-fresh-fenne... https://www.cookinglight.com/food/in-season/discovering-fennel http://www.ourherbgarden.com/herb-history/fennel.html Mallow Latin Name: Malvaceae Malva neglecta Season: All year Parts to Eat: Leaves, Stalk, Seeds How to Eat: Raw, Boiled Nutrition: Leaves- Vitamins A, B, C, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium; Seeds- 21% protein, 15% fat Other Names: Cheeseweed ​ Learn More: Duke JA. CRC Handbook of Proximate Analysis Tables of Higher Plants. Boca Raton, Fl. CRC Press, 1986. 389 p. http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Malva+neglecta https://www.gardenbetty.com/mallow-the-everywhere-edible-weed/ Mugwort Latin Name: Asteraceae Artemisia douglasiana Season: Spring-Autumn Parts to Eat: Leaves How to Eat: Cooked or as a tea Other Uses: Medicine, spiritual Other Names: Dream Plant Cool Fact: The Romans planted mugwort by roadsides for travelers to use for aching feet and it also flavored beer before hops were used. Many people place mugwort under their pillows to enhance dreams. It often grows near poison oak and can be applied crushed to the skin to prevent a rash. ​ Learn More: UC Irvine: Local natural history & ethnobotany ofArtemisia douglasiana (California Mugwort) http://www.eattheweeds.com/mugwort/ https://www.ediblewildfood.com/mugwort.aspx New Zealand Spinach Latin Name: Aizoaceae Tetragonia tetragonioides Season: All year Parts to Eat: Leaves How to Eat: Raw, Cooked, Boiled Nutrition: High in antioxidants and fiber Other Names: Warrigal Green Cool Fact: James Cook took this plant on voyages to prevent scurvy ​ Learn More: https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/tetragonia-tetragonioides-profile/ https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/australia-food-blog/2014/feb/02... https://www.survival.org.au/bf_tetragonia_tetragonoides.php Stinging Nettle Latin Name: Urticaceae urtica dioica Season: Spring Parts to Eat: Leaves, Roots How to Eat: Soak in hot water, cook briefly. Can boil for tea, add to soup, quiche, or pasta. Nutrition: High in Vitamin K, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Calcium, Iron, Potassium, Manganese. In peak season, nettle can contain up to 25% protein Other Uses: Medicines, Textiles Cool Fact: Nettle is one of nine plants listed in the 10th Century pagan Anglo-Saxon Nine Herbs Charm. Burial Shrouds made of nettle have been found in Denmark dating back at least 5000 years where the stem fibers would be spun like flax. Nettle also produces a green dye which was historically used for war camouflage in Europe. ​ WARNING: Stinging nettles sting. Do not attempt to eat without cooking first. ​ Learn More: http://www.sunriseorganicgardens.ca/stinging-nettle-useful-and-delicious/ https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/herbs-and-spices/stinging-n... Gregory L. Tilford, Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West Hughes, R. Elwyn; Ellery, Peter; Harry, Tim; Jenkins, Vivian; Jones, Eleri (1980). "The dietary potential of the common nettle". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 31 (12): 1279–86. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740311210 Sourgrass Latin Name: Oxalidaceae Oxalis pes-caprae Season: Winter-Spring (in Santa Barbara) Parts to Eat: All How to Eat: Raw, Cooked, or Boiled Nutrition: Oxalic Acid, Vitamin C Other Uses: Medicine Other Names: Bermuda buttercup, goat’s foot Cool Fact: The roots of Sour Grass have been used to treat tapeworms. ​ WARNING: Oxalic Acid can upset your stomach in large quantities. ​ Learn More: http://thrivingminimalist.com/articles/raw-food-foraging-sour-grass/ Duke, James (2000) The Handbook of Edible Weeds. CRC Press Wild Mustard Latin Name: Brassicaceae Sinapis arvensis Season: Spring-Summer Parts to Eat: Leaves and flowers How to Eat: Raw or Cooked Nutrition: Vitamins K, A, C, B, E, copper, manganes, calcium, fiber, iron Other Uses: medicine Other names: charlock, field mustard Cool Fact: Legend has it that Spanish priests spread mustard seeds along the California coast as they travelled north building missions, so that they could follow the golden path home to Spain upon their return. ​ Learn More: http://ediblesanluisobispo.ediblecommunities.com/recipes/wild-mustard-mu... https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-mustard-fire-pictures-2019-pho... https://survivalweekly.com/719/wild-mustard/ http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=93 Wild Radish Latin Name: Raphanus raphanistrum var. sativus Season: Annual or Perennial Parts to Eat: flowers, leaves, roots How to Eat: Raw. Boil to avoid upset stomach Nutrition: Vitamins B, C, rutin, and minerals Cool Fact: Radishes were domesticated in China, entered Europe in the 1500s, and reached the Americas by 1629. ​ Learn More: https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/raphanus-sativus-profile/ http://www.eattheweeds.com/radish-mustards-wild-rough-cousin/

Home About Projects CULTIVATING COMMUNITIES About Our Project The Cultivating Communities team on their last day of class getting the rare opportunity to spend the afternoon at the top of Storke Tower, the tallest building on the UCSB campus. From left to right: Kirstin Hensley, Briana Pham , Professor Hoelle, Gavin Robbins Thatcher , Joshua Richardson , Olivia Robért , Logan Snyder, Karma Rhythm , Jack Greenberg , Delcia Orona , Dahlia Shahin, Natalie Plumb , and Donovan Velasquez . Professor Jeffrey Hoelle Jeffrey Hoelle is an environmental anthropologist who studies the ways that people think about and use the environment in the Brazilian Amazon and around the UCSB campus and adjacent community of Isla Vista, California. He works with UCSB students to better understand humans and their relationships with the world that surrounds them, from edible plants to layers of the cultural landscape. In addition to working with students to create the research you see on this site, Hoelle also runs the IV Ethnobotany Project with the help of a talented group of undergraduate and graduate students. This site is part of a "Cultivating Socio-ecological Communities" project that is supported by the 2019 UCSB Sustainability Champion award. Hoelle is no expert in web design; all credit for the construction of this website goes to UCSB anthropology and professional writing student Natalie Plumb.

Home About Projects Morels of Mushroom Foraging Image by Denis Murphy Disclaimer: Be careful around mushrooms. Mushrooms can be extremely dangerous and kill you. As Laurence Hauben, a chef, cook, and writer in Santa Barbara, says, “Don’t pick any mushroom you are not 100% familiar with, and watch out for look-alikes”. ​ Mushroom foraging, harvesting, or picking is the gathering of mushrooms in the wild. It is an activity that has been around for centuries and remains a prized sport. ​ Why do people do it? For mushrooms, of course! The search for a clump of the magical fungi amidst the forest debris is a rush that not many have experienced. Popular among the mushroom fanatics of Santa Barbara are chanterelle, oyster, among other delectable fungi which are prized for their taste, rarity, or both. Laurence Hauben, a mushroom enthusiast, began her mushroom harvesting journey in France, where she was born. She “first saw wild mushrooms at a Farmers Market in France, found them really tasty, and became interested in foraging for them while hiking in the countryside. It is like going on a treasure hunt”. The delectable mushrooms you can find in the wild makes the experience entirely worthwhile! ​ The right environmental conditions must be met before embarking on a foraging adventure. It is important to pay attention to the seasonal patterns and temperature as mushrooms grow only in certain conditions. Hauben says, “foraging, whether for mushrooms or for wild plants, is a great way to increase your awareness of the land. It teaches you to pay close attention to the environment, seasonal changes, differences in terrain, climate, light, companion plants, insects”. Any mushroom forager can tell you the necessity of understanding the environment to successfully forage as there are many nuances in the environment that can only be recognized by taking time to listen to nature. ​ Foragers have rules and etiquette they follow to protect the environment from overharvesting and damage. They step lightly and carefully, as there might be a mushroom underfoot. They may even hide their baskets to trick the mushrooms into thinking that they will not be picked. Hauben advises, “If you find an edible mushroom patch, don’t pick them all, leave some alone so the fungi can reproduce and propagate next year. Be gentle, don’t trample all over the ground or disrupt the forest floor”. There are many unspoken rules of mushroom harvesting that promote a gentle reverence of nature. The care that foragers take to not disrupt their environment should be practiced by others as many do not realize that the environment is alive and thriving. It is important that human interactions with the environment replicate those of foragers as humans have distanced themselves from nature and taken less time to engage with what’s around them. The magic of mushroom foraging is the connection it brings to the surrounding environment, and if you pay attention you’ll never know what you’ll find. More About Mushrooms Sources: L. Hauben, personal communication, February 29 2020